Digital Marketing User Experience for Amazon.com

Question: Portray about the Recognition of Problems, Pre-Interaction of Alternatives, and Post utilization assessment of Amazon.com? Answer: Presentation With changes in the structure and presence of the advanced world, the experience of clients must be considered as being basic in nature. The experience of client has been turning into an amazingly mainstream include in the scene of advanced understanding. Be that as it may, as advertisers of the computerized world, there is absence of clearness in survey the experience of client, and how this experience brings about influencing the work being finished by the advertisers. The experience of advanced clients ought not exclusively be considered as the interface for the advertisers. The development in the space of computerized world, explicitly cell phones, is a change and a pattern that has been assembling a great deal of regard (Weiser, 2009). Various associations in the computerized world have been looking for imagination with the collaboration of aptitude who have been assisting with building responsive applications and sites and creating or tweaking the systems of advanced world. The re are various guidelines that are giving direction to the advanced organizations for redoing their existences on the web. Subsequently, it tends to be expressed that even the administration specialists have been helping the associations in improving the experience of the clients (Leifer, 2008). More prominent hopefulness with respect to the total scene of business has brought about greater financial plans of promoting. As the experience of clients is critical for the accomplishment of computerized organizations, this report will help in understanding various alternate points of view from that of the clients. This report will be mirroring the experience of clients in computerized showcasing as for this subject and making inferences relating for the system of advertising from the point of view of Amazon.com (chose association). Acknowledgment of Problems Psychological style is a main consideration of impact in the data looking for by the clients. In view of the expansion of data, the wellsprings of advanced libraries have been getting one of the most altogether utilized administrations on the web (Chaffey et al, 2012). The current advanced libraries have been turning out to be amazingly muddled frameworks in correlation with the customary wellsprings of library. In any case, various people have been utilizing the computerized libraries. This is because of the way that the foundation of computerized libraries help in making data accessible to the clients in an immediate way through the two sources, web and intranet (Johnson, 2009). Web and intranets are utilized for the spread of data, computerized libraries have been serving the crowds in the more extensive setting (Cannings, 2013). In basic words, it very well may be expressed that the clients of advanced library appear to have further extent of inconstancy regarding their abilities , information and foundation. Here, Amazon.com can be cited as an encounter that I had while perceiving an issue. I couldn't search for Note II Galaxy, Samsung cell phone from the site of the organization. I even attempted to look over the changed classifications yet I was unable to discover it. I expected to buy the telephone and Amazon.com made a computerized library platforming empowering me to get to accessible information legitimately with the assistance of web and intranet accessibility. Quest for Information Advanced Library is alluded to as spotlight being made on gathering the computerized source that can be including video material, sound material, visual material and text, being put away as the organizations of electronic media, alongside the sources to sort out, store, and recover the media and records comprising the assortment of library. There are various varieties in the wellsprings of advanced libraries as for extension and size, and there can be support by associations, people, or affiliations with the created physical structures of library or scholarly establishments (Fishbein, 2006). Dominant part of the computerized libraries are centered around giving an interface of search that permits the accessibility of assets. In the common sense, these assets are imperceptible web or profound web as more much of the time, the area of these gets troublesome by the crawlers of web index (Turner, 2012). Dominant part of the computerized libraries have been making site maps or exceptional pages for permitting the web indexes for finding every single asset accessible. There are two fundamental methodologies that can be utilized to scan for combining the advanced libraries. These incorporate, looking through recently collected metadata, and conveyed looking. In the most ordinary sense, disseminated looking is known to include a customer that sends various solicitations of search that is in equal element of various administrations inside the league of advanced libraries (GHI, 2009). The social occasion of results should be possible, copies are grouped or killed, and the things that remained are introduced and arranged back towards the customers. On progressively visit premise conventions are utilized in the looking for dispersion. A bit of leeway corresponding to this methodology can be recognized as that the undertakings escalated towards assets to list and to store are left aside as for the related servers inside the course of alliance (Leifer, 2008). An inconvenienc e towards this specific methodology is the instruments of search is confined by the shifting ordering and abilities being positioned of every single database, hence, to make it hard for collecting a blend of results that comprise of the above all accessible things. There are various guidelines that are giving direction to the advanced organizations for redoing their existences on the web (Weiser, 2009). Subsequently, it very well may be expressed that even the administration specialists have been helping the associations in improving the experience of the clients. More noteworthy positive thinking with respect to the total scene of business has brought about greater financial plans of advertising. Looking over the metadata gathered beforehand at Amazon.com, incorporates looking through record that is put away privately identified with the data, the assortment of which has been done already from the libraries inside the extent of the companys site for clients. In the most run of the mill sense, the processing gadgets at the site of the organization comprise of significant components, for example, the dividers of communication among items and administrations present for buy, for example, tablets, tabletops, PDAs and methods of collaboration, for example, various touch, pen, substantial or gestural information. When there is execution of search, for example, on account of Amazon.com , the instruments of search shouldn't make any associations with the libraries in advanced structure being searched for, it as of now is by all accounts having a portrayal in its nearby structure identified with the data (Fishbein, 2006). This specific methodology will require the ordering being made and system being reaped that is directing procedure on normal premise, making associations with every single advanced library and to scrutinize the whole assortment for making revelation of refreshed and new assets (Katina, 2013). On visit premise, this is utilized by the libraries of advanced source so as to permit that there is reaping of metadata. A favorable position regarding this methodology is that the instrument of search has unlimited oversight over positioning and ordering calculations, with the likelihood to permit more consistency in the outcomes. An impediment is that the ordering and reaping frameworks are exceptionally escalated towards assets and consequently, recognized as being costly. Pre-Interaction of Alternatives With changes in the structure and presence of the computerized world, the experience of clients must be considered as being basic in nature (Lusted, 2011). The experience of client has been turning into an incredibly well known element in the scene of computerized understanding. Be that as it may, as advertisers of the advanced world, there is absence of lucidity in review the experience of client, and how this experience brings about influencing the work being finished by the advertisers. The experience of computerized clients ought not exclusively be considered as the interface for the advertisers (Fishbein, 2006). Mixed connection, another structure of idea that can be considered for clarifying when the UIs are being seen by the clients, as being normal or not similarly as on account of Amazon.com. Mixed communication is utilized at the organization and it contributes in giving an exceptionally precise and novel depiction concerning the qualities of collaborations occurring between the PC and the human. In the specific sense, the thought identified with reasonable mixes can be utilized for clarifying how clients have their unwavering quality over the genuine and natural world idea, at whatever point there is understanding for utilizing the new innovations of computerized structure (Leifer, 2008). The spaces of communication are viewed as universal situations of figuring for a joint effort that is upheld by the clients, which follows the base and the prior abilities are improved that incorporate psychological, social, spatial and engine aptitudes identified with the gatherings of clients (Turne r, 2012). In the most regular sense, the registering gadgets, for example, the dividers of cooperation, tablets, tabletops, advanced mobile phones and procedures of association, for example, different touch, pen, unmistakable or gestural info, are coordinated into the foundation of non-computerized practices of work and the conditions of work like libraries, structure studios, and meeting rooms (Fishbein, 2006). The objective is centered around the accomplishment of a preferably inconspicuous and nature backing of calculation in the term of collective undertakings and exercises like dynamic, examination, ideation or introduction (Sigfusson et al, 2013). The temperances identified with advanced and physical ancient rarity are in mix with the ideal properties for the accomplish

Revolutions and Dreams free essay sample

A matured release of Charles Dickens’s A Tale of Two Cities, surrounded in dull oak, is noticeably shown on the mass of my grandfather’s study. As a youngster, I would consistently run my fingers along the fine-grained wood and miracle why â€Å"Wai-gong,† who just talked negligible English, loved a book that he would never peruse. It was just when I was a ways into my youngsters that I started to comprehend its total centrality. During a visit to China one summer, I discovered that on the day my granddad got his degree from the renowned Tsinghua University, the Cultural Revolution devoured the school. Anything Western was censured and advanced education was banned. In the wake of being censured by one of his schoolmates for not communicating support for the upset, my granddad was set apart for â€Å"re-education.† In an unsafe move, one of his educators snuck him a vellum-bound duplicate of A Tale of Two Cities before he was crowded onto a decrepit transport set out toward country Anhui. We will compose a custom paper test on Upheavals and Dreams or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page For the following four years, my granddad would wake up at first light to begin a day of overwhelming homestead work at the work camp. What's more, consistently, under the front of haziness, Wai-gong would look over the book’s pages, their significance helping him to remember the goals that he concealed away. After at long last perusing A Tale of Two Cities, I increased an increasingly significant perception of the message that the educator passed on to my granddad, and my granddad to me. It is a message of the dangers that are associated with the quest for our objectives. The casing hangs as a tribute to the battles we have confronted and the a lot more that we presently can't seem to climate. My grandfather’s encounters have imparted in me the mental fortitude to look for a business profession that includes striking ventures and to step up and unite assorted societies. Spending my initial a very long time in Shanghai, I saw an alternate kind of revolutionâ€the break-neck pace of progress that changed fields of rice paddies into multi-celebrated places of business and business focuses. Seeing this development prodded my inclinations in the worldwide field; the quickly growing global market depicts unlimited prospects. With a concentration in global business, I look to utilize my training to help fashion interfaces between nations through trade. My drive is to interface the East and the West in a commonly useful organization, to carry understanding alongside headway. Business is a field that envelops numerous preliminaries and requires a steady soul unafraid of entanglements. Any achievement I accomplish is based upon the exercises gathered from the encounters of individuals like my granddad; their quality frees me from the dread of disappointment. I can hope against hope even with any affliction and challenge myself to go after the questionable.

Understanding the Role of Freuds Superego

Understanding the Role of Freud's Superego Theories Personality Psychology Print Understanding the Role of Freuds Superego By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on October 01, 2019 Jose Luis Pelaez Inc/Blend Images/Getty Images More in Theories Personality Psychology Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology According to Freuds psychoanalytic theory of personality, the superego is the component of personality composed of the internalized ideals that we have acquired from our parents and society. The superego works to suppress the urges of the id and tries to make the ego behave morally, rather than realistically. When Does the Superego Develop? In Freuds theory of psychosexual development, the superego is the last component of personality to develop. The id is the basic, primal part of personality, that is present from birth. Next, the ego begins to develop during the first three years of a childs life. Finally, the superego starts to emerge around the age of five. The ideals that contribute to the formation of the superego include not just the morals and values that we have learned from our parents, but also the ideas of right and wrong that we acquire from society and the culture in which we live. The  Parts of the Superego In psychology, the superego can be further divided into two components: the ego ideal and the conscience. The ego ideal is the part of the superego that includes the rules and standards for good behaviors. These behaviors include those that are approved of by parental and other authority figures. Obeying these rules leads to feelings of pride, value, and accomplishment. Breaking these rules can result in feelings of guilt. The ego ideal is often thought of as the image we have of our ideal selvesâ€"the people we want to become. It is this image we hold up as the ideal individual, often modeled after people that we know, that we hold up as the standard of who we are striving to be. The conscience is composed of the rules for which behaviors are considered bad. When we engage in actions that conform to the ego ideal, we feel good about ourselves or proud of our accomplishments. When we do things that our conscience considers bad, we experience feelings of guilt. The Goals of the Superego The primary action of the superego is to suppress entirely any urges or desires of the id that are considered wrong or socially unacceptable. It also tries to force the ego to act morally rather than realistically. Finally, the superego strives for moral perfections, without taking reality into account. The superego is also present in all three levels of consciousness. Because of this, we can sometimes experience guilt without understanding exactly why we feel that way. When the superego acts in the conscious mind, we are aware of our resulting feelings. If, however, the superego acts unconsciously to punish or suppress the id, we might end up with feelings of guilt and no real understanding of why we feel that way. [The superegos] contents are for the most part conscious and so can be directly arrived at by endopsychic perception. Nevertheless, our picture of the superego always tends to become hazy when harmonious relations exist between it and the ego. We then say that the two coincide, i.e. at such moments, the superego is no perceptible as a separate institution either to the subject himself or to an outside observer. Its outlines become clear only when it confronts the ego with hostility or at least with criticism, wrote Anna Freud in her 1936 book, The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense. The superego, like the id, become perceptible in the state which it produces within the ego: for instance when its criticism evokes a sense of guilt, she went on to explain.

The Metamorphosis Analysis - 848 Words

In the short novel The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka, the novel revolves around the transformation of the protagonist, Gregor Samsa. Gregor wakes up one morning to find himself transformed into an insect, and becomes the main conflict and driving force of the novel. Beyond being a driving force within the book, the transformation in which Gregor undergoes being a literal challenge in his life and his family’s, it serves as an allegorical narrative on isolation. Gregor spends the rest of his life in this state, in to which my personal reaction, surprised me with the way he accepts his life and death. To begin with, the novel revolves around the protagonist, Gregor Samsa, being turned into a giant insect. In the text Kafka writes, â€Å"Gregor†¦show more content†¦This part of the text demonstrates the way Samsa is being isolated as he begins to lose all of his human characteristics by not being able to speak, and has no choice to do anything but so. This represents the element of isolation in the novel, but Kafka also brings in the narrative also being about being different from everyone else. In the text the author says,†If he could only understand us, then perhaps we could come to an arrangement with him. But as it is.. It’s got to go.†(40). From this quote it is pretty simple to conclude that being different not only isolates him, but makes him unwanted because he is different from before and unlike the rest of the family, or anyone at that. The father also had a similar reaction to the mother when the the narrator writes,†That set his mother off screaming anew, she fled from the table into the arms of his father as he rushed towards her.†(17). This, like the mother demonstrates the parents reaction the transformation of the son and how he is in between being cared for and not being relevant at all in their eyes. With gregors deteriorating condition and rise of mistreatment amongst his own home and loved ones, gregor comes to a consensus on his life. In the novel Grete says,†Father, Mother, we can’t carry on like this †¦ I don’t want to call this monster my brother, all I can say is thatShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Metamorphosis1501 Words   |  7 PagesBeveridge, A. (2009). Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka. Advances in psychiatric treatment, 15(6), 459-461. This brief article is written from the psychiatric perspective, pointing out that Kafka has always been of great interest to the psychoanalytic community; this is because his writings have so skillfully depicted alienation, unresolved oedipal issues, and the schizoid personality disorder and The Metamorphosis is no exception to this rule. While this writer tends to think that psychiatrists shouldRead MoreAnalysis Of The Metamorphosis 854 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of the Metamorphosis The Metamorphosis can be analyzed in many different ways. One way that could be looked into is why exactly Gregor is turned into an insect. There are many things that he could have changed into, like a monkey or a bird for example. But Kafka makes it obvious that Gregor is a bug although he never says what kind. Bugs can be, more or less, controlled, considered useless, and gross. To call a person a bug means they can bend easily to another’s will and are expendableRead MoreMetamorphosis Analysis1503 Words   |  7 Pagesmost wickedest of men will do the most wickedest of things for the greatest good of everyone.† 20th century novelist, Franz Kafka would agree with such a statement as he strongly despised capitalism and its faults. In his celebrated short story, Metamorphosis, Kafka explores the cruelty and exploitations of capitalism through the eyes of Gregor Samsa. ironically, he also represents capitalism to further illustrate its barbarity. Kafka’s use of ir ony is significant for it leaves the readers confusedRead MoreAnalysis Of Metamorphosis826 Words   |  4 Pages Metamorphosis, written by Franz Kafka, is a novelette detailing the life of a young man named Gregor and his family, which include his sister, Grete, and his parents. Gregor is a traveling salesman who has an overbearing manager and extremely long hours. He is unhappy with his job due to these circumstances and the fact that he is not able to make any friends. One morning Gregor wakes up and is suddenly a beetle instead of a normal human. The life of everyone in the household is flipped upsideRead MoreEssay on Analysis of The Metamorphosis1033 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of The Metamorphosis This story The Metamorphosis is about Gregor, a workaholic, who is changed into an insect and must then deal with his present reality. The hardest part of being an insect for him was the alienation from his family, which eventually leads to his death. In reading the short story The Metamorphosis, (1971),one can realize how small the difference is between Magical Realism and Fantastic. This literature written by the Austrian, Franz Kafka, is often debated overRead MoreAnalysis Of The Metamorphosis Essay1390 Words   |  6 Pagesan attempt to distance oneself from an undesirable event or occurrence. It can also range from an overt set of actions as a person is changed, to willful ignorance, malicious or otherwise, of an individual’s dreams or goals. Franz Kafka’s â€Å"The Metamorphosis†, in which the main character, Gregor Samsa, awakens to find himself changed, contains several obvious examples of this dehumanization. He has become vermin of some kind, no longer even human. Deprived even of basic human form, and transfiguredRead MoreMetamorphosis Analysis1142 Words   |  5 PagesFranz Kafka’s â€Å"The Metamorphosis† is about the dehumanization of a man named Gregor, when he wastes his life monotonously repeating the same task every day to support his uncaring family. The lack of purpose in his life is an example of absurdist fiction, a genre of fictional narrative that uses satire and irrationality to explore the human experience of meaninglessness. Furthermore, â€Å"The Metamorphosis† uses aspects of magical realism, such as transformation of common, distortion of time and lossRead MoreThe Metamorphosis Analysis1682 Words   |  7 PagesIn The Metamorphosis, Kafka establishes, through h is religious imagery and gospel-esque episodic narration, the character of Gregor Samsa simultaneously as a kind of inverse Messianic figure and a god-like artist, relating the two and thus turning the conventional concept of the literary hero on its ear. The structure of the novel reflects that of the Gospel of Mark in that it is narrated in individual events, and in this it is something of a Kà ¼nstlerroman - that is, the real metamorphosis is overRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Metamorphosis 1422 Words   |  6 PagesElaina Faerber, Hannah Lindsey, Jake Sims Mrs. De Oro Hon, English 12A Pd 3 19 October 2015 Literary Analysis Essay-Rejection When individuals are rejected by family and society, they tend to feel abandoned and unloved. In Franz Kafka’s, The Metamorphosis, Gregor’s transformation into a â€Å"monstrous vermin† (Kafka 1) results in him being psychologically and even physically abused by his family. Rejection from his mother, sister, and father leave Gregor feeling unwanted and feeling as if he is a terribleRead MoreMetamorphosis Analysis1761 Words   |  8 PagesFranz Kafkas The Metamorphosis is so strikingly absurd that it has engendered countless essays dissecting every possible rational and irrational aspect of the book. One such essay is entitled Kafkas Obscurity by Ralph Freedman in which he delves down into the pages of The Metamorphosis and ferrets out the esoteric aspects of Kafkas writing. Freedman postulates that Gregor Samsa progresses through several transformations: a transformation of spatial relations, a transformation of time, and a

Joseph Christian Leyendecker Shades Of Colors And Lines

Joseph Christian Leyendecker – Shades of Colors and lines Joseph Christian Leyendecker a German-American Illustrator and Painter emigrated to Chicago in 1882 from Germany at the age of sixteen with his parents. He studied under John H. Vanderpoel One of his paintings titled â€Å"With Admiral Togo Off Port Arthur†, a medium of oil on canvas with the framed dimensions of 31 x 23 x 2 inches, and unframed 27 1/8 x 19 inches. This painting was started in September of 1903 but not quite sure when the finished painting was completed. Another painting of J.C. Leyendecker’s work, titled â€Å"Kellogg’s Kid, girl 8-10, a medium of oil on canvas with dimensions of framed 21x 20 x 1 inches and unframed 17 x 16 1/8 inches was painted in 1916. Both paintings†¦show more content†¦Above the admiral is the shaded the battleship’s battery with large caliber guns sticking out. The name of Collier’s is painted large orange letters with black outline and the title is painted thin black letters traced in orange. The â€Å"Kellogg’s Kid† girl 8-10 painting shows the confidence of the painter. The background of the painting is black bringing out the figure of the child, like a three d painting. The lighting giving the illusion that the child is closer to you. Her hair is blonde with highlights of white streaks, the wispy strands of hair shown on both sides of her apple cheek face. Her complexion is like a milky white with tones of brown shadowing her neck and hands. Her fingers have a pinkish tone to give the impression that she is holding tight to her off white bowl as she pours the milk from a creamer spout into the both bowl of yellow and orange tone for the cereal with red strawberries. The flat plate under the bowl, bowl and creamer stand out with the color of orange painted around the edges. On her apple check face, shades of orange are on both cheeks and on lips. Her smile and soft edged coloration teeth blended together. It’s almost impossible not to look at Leyendec kers’ paintings in amazement. Both paintings were created in the historical context of the Progressive Eras, 1896-1916. Where the widespread of activism and political reform were taking place. The main objective was to eliminate the corruption in government.

Project Communications Plan Free Essays

Critical Thinking – Module 2 Project Management November 11, 2012 Project Communications Plan The three websites that I researched for this critical thinking assignment were: 1) Colorado. gov; 2) Dot. ca. We will write a custom essay sample on Project Communications Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now gov and 3) interop. mt. gov. The topic that was most similarly discussed was the importance of implementing a communication plan both internally and externally in any type of project management. Colorado. ov noted that â€Å"28% of projects fail due to poor communications, that’s 1 out of 4 projects fail due to poor communications† (Jones, 2007). This site went on to speak about the top reasons projects fail includes poor communication, insufficient resource planning, unrealistic schedules and poor project requirements. The California Department of Transportation website noted that project communication includes general communication between team members but is more encompassing. It utilizes a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for a framework of communication that is customer and product focused with the end in mind, and it involves all levels of the organization† (Office of Project Management Process Improvement, 2007). This organization also believes that Project Communication is the responsibility of everyone on the project team. The Interoperability Governing Board for Montana’s communications planning first determines the information and communications needs of the stakeholders. This includes identifying who needs what information, when they should receive it, and how it will be provided. Identifying the information needs of the stakeholders and determining a suitable means of meeting those needs is an important factor for project success. â€Å"Actively managing stakeholders increases the likelihood that the project will not veer off track due to unresolved stakeholder issues, enhances the ability of persons to operate synergistically, and limits disruptions during the project† (Northrop Grumman Corporation, 2007). The main subject of all these sites I researched came down to the importance of effective communication, and stating that it is the most important ingredient for project success. Participation, understanding, and the ability to adapt the project – all of which require well? functioning communication ? are critical to the end result of the project. Build a Management-driven Communication Culture Internal communication planning is one of the most neglected areas of strategic planning. Most companies spend a great deal of money and effort on their external communication plan but fail to expend any energy toward creating an organized plan for internal communication (Roehler, 2007). Determining what should be communicated to staff, when it should be communicated, and how it should be communicated is often left up to the decision of individuals made when there seems to be a need. In other words internal communication strategies are developed, reactively, when there is a crisis or major event that clearly requires addressing communication issues. Where communication is planned out, it is often around upheavals like major corporate or organization change, layoffs and downsizing, and technological change. However, once the initiating focus has been eliminated communication tends to go back to an unorganized jumbled process (Bacal, 2008). It is a bit of a mystery why this occurs, but there is no question that strategic internal communication planning can be a proactive approach to building a better, more directed and efficient workforce. Communication is a key component in coordinating and tracking project schedules, issues, and action items. The plan maps out the flow of information to different stakeholders and becomes an integral part of the overall project plan (Gray Larson, 2011). Implementing a well thought out communications plan will help manage expectations regarding the project, ensure methods used for communication will be most effective, and assure appropriate levels of communication with internal and external project stakeholders. In addition, well laid out communication plans provide relevant, accurate, consistent information at all times, and most importantly, generate and sustain enthusiasm and support for the project. References Bacal, R. (2008). Internal communication strategies. Performance Management and Appraisal Help Center. Retrieved from http://www. prpundit. com/knowledge/employee%20communications/Internal%20Communications. pdf Gray, C. F. , Larson, E. W. (2011). Project management: The managerial process (5th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. ISBN-13: How to cite Project Communications Plan, Essay examples

Confidentiality and Privacy Controls for Digital Signatures

Question: Discuss about theConfidentiality and Privacy Controls for Digital Signatures. Answer: Introduction This chapter includes the two important aspects: Maintaining confidentiality of organization. Secrecy of personal information. Confidentiality For preserving the confidentiality following actions are to be taken: Information Identification and classification- Information identification is the first step after that classification is done which is the responsibility of owners of information as per COBIT 5 and not security personnels. Encryption- It is the most effective method for protecting information. It is the process of converting the text into cipher text; vice versa case is called as Decryption. Access controls levied on information- Authentication and authorization are initial control access and thus are not sufficient to protect the same and thus additional controls are levied. Information rights management and Data loss prevention tools are used. Employees training- Training is provided to employees for protecting client data and maintaining confidentiality. Privacy Any unauthorized leak of information may lead to infinite loss for which privacy controls are implemented. Encryption is an effective control for ensuring privacy in which information is encrypted both at the time of sending and storing. It saves organization from loss as well as monetary effect due to loss. Privacy Concerns: Spam It is an unsolicited email which contains offensive or advertising content. It not only affects the efficiency but also results into viruses, malware, worms and other spyware programs. Controls such as CAN-SPAM Act (2003) were introduced. Under these law penalties of both civil and criminal is imposed on violation of law. It includes the following provisions- Display of sender identity in the header should be clearly presented. Subject should evidently classify the message as advertisement or solicitation. Main content should contain list of recipients with a working link for Opt-out requests for which organization shall place the responsibility. It is an ethical practice to have valid address. Organizations are advised to design their own websites and not send any commercial email to any email address. Identity Theft It is defined as unauthorized use of someone personal information for perpetrators benefit. It may lead to financial crime by looting the clients bank account or medical theft by manipulating the reports of the client leading to some life threatening diseases or tax identity threat in which the fraudsters file an invalid return of refund. So it is an ethical and moral practice to safeguard the client information and provide safeguard against such threats. Following 10 best practices are adopted by the organization Management - By assigning responsibilities and accountability to a specific group of persons to follow proper policies and procedures for protecting customers information. Notice - A notice is provided to clarify the type of information collected, reason associated and using the same. Choice and consent- Individuals are provided with choice and consent to be taken before using their information. There are two approaches called as opt-in and opt-out. GAAP suggests to use opt in approach. Collection- Only collecting that information which is needful. Cookie is a text file which contains the tasks which user has done on site and it is stored in hard disk. Use and retention- Policies should be formulated to ensure that the use of information as stated in privacy policy and retain only till when it is required for business purpose. Access Access to add delete modify the information. Disclosure to third parties- Disclosure shall be made only when policies of organization allows. Security- Use of preventive, detective and corrective controls. Quality- By ensuring integrity of information this target can be achieved. Monitoring and enforcement- Continuous monitoring is required of the stated policies and enforcement of policies is required. Encryption System and its types Factors influencing are key length, encryption algorithm and various policies for managing cryptographic keys. These are of 2 types: Symmetric and Asymmetric systems. In symmetric there is the use of same key for encrypt and decrypt but in asymmetric there are 2 keys that is public and private key. Loss of keys for both is a threat. Hashing A plain text is converted into a short code which is called as Hash. Difference between hash and encryption is encryption produces cipher text whereas it produces only short code and encrypted data can again be decrypted but code cannot be converted again to plain text. Hashing maintains the integrity of data and is unique for each function. Digital Signatures It is defined as authentication of documents as a replacement of physical signature. It is a two-step process in which first hash is created and then the same is decrypted by private key and this is how digital signature is authenticated. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) VPN may be defined as a technology used to create a safe and encrypted connection over internet. It is a privately owned connection without bearing the costs of leased line. It is only assessable to those who have encryption and decryption keys.